A Study on Contraceptive Action


 

Abstract

Vaginal contraceptive products have been available for many years and usually contain the membrane surfactant nonoxynol-9 (N-9) as one of the main ingredients. However, the major drawback of using surfactants is their detergent-type cytotoxic effect on vaginal cells. Besides, N-9 is also known to inactivate lactobacilli leading to disturbance of the vaginal microflora, which in turn increase the chances of STI/HIV transmission. Neem seed oil proved to be spermicidal against rhesus monkey and human spermatozoa in vitro. Hexane extract of neem seed was reported to be precursor for immune contraceptive guided fraction whereas lyophilized neem leaf extract which is hydrophilic in nature has shown spermicidal activity against human spermatozoa in vitro. This review article proposes hydrophilic lipid for the extraction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic constituents from neem leaf to give novel aqueous neem leaf extract (NANE) which involves no use of organic solvent or thermal application and have no side effects. It is interesting to note that use of herbal contraceptives generally did not lead to permanent sterility, since discontinuation of the treatment allowed a prompt return to normal fertility.

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